About Glutamine

Glutamine is the most active amino acid in the body as it is involved in more processes than any other amino acid. It accounts for over 60% of the free amino acids in our blood, brain, organs, and muscle tissue and up to 30 to 35 percent of the nitrogen in the blood. Glutamine therefore plays many key roles in the body. Not only does it convert itself into glucose when our bodies do not have enough glucose available, but it is also crucial for immune function as it is a major fuel source for our immune cells.

Glutamine regulates nitrogen levels during stress and helps gut function by bringing energy to intestinal cells. Thus, it helps digestion and limits the risk of developing intestinal issues. Glutamine also regulates the expression of various genes and activates many proteins in the system.  

Glutamine also plays a role in protein synthesis and in supporting the immune system during times of stress, including during prolonged and intense physical exertion and high-intensity strength training. It is also a precursor of glutathione, an intracellular antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage. When glutamine reserves are depleted, one may experience a decrease in strength, endurance and recovery.

Biostarks reference ranges for glutamine

• Glutamine (Gln-S): 320-1100 umol/L

Scientific references:

• Cruzat, V., Macedo Rogero, M., Noel Keane, K., Curi, R., & Newsholme, P. (2018). Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation. Nutrients, 10(11), 1564.
• Brosnan, J. (2003). Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation. The Journal of Nutrition 133 (6): 2068S–2072S.
• Kim, M. H., & Kim, H. (2017). The roles of glutamine in the intestine and its implication in intestinal diseases. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(5), 1051.
• Legault, Z., Bagnall, N., & Kimmerly, D. S. (2015). The influence of oral L-glutamine supplementation on muscle strength recovery and soreness following unilateral knee extension eccentric exercise. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 25(5), 417-426.
• Lacey, J. M., & Wilmore, D. W. (1990). Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid?. Nutrition reviews, 48(8), 297-309.
• Smith, R. J., & Wilmore, D. W. (1990). Glutamine nutrition and requirements. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 14, 94S-99S.
• Holecek, M. (2013). Side effects of long‐term glutamine supplementation. Journal of parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 37(5), 607-616.